ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the transport industry across the world since February 2020. Using data from the Hong Kong International Airport, we obtained seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models for passenger movements and air cargo for 2005–2019. The COVID-19 impacts on passenger movements and air cargo were estimated based on differences between the predicted and actual monthly values in 2020. We found that the total number of passenger movements dropped by 86.2% while the total volume of air cargo dropped by 6% in 2020. Additionally, the GHG emission due to the use of aviation kerosene was 10.5 Mt of CO2-eq in 2020;down from 20.8 Mt of CO2-eq in 2019 (i.e., a drop of 49.5%). We also found the significant improvement of visibility at the airport – a rare upside of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to high unemployment rate in the transport and tourism-related sectors and has a negative economic impact on the aviation sector. Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Purpose This study explores the relationships between equity, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and counterproductive work behavior in Macao's gaming industry. Additionally, it investigates whether the Covid-19 outbreak has effects on employees' perceptions and behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from two surveys using convenience sampling, one involving 260 casino employees in 2019 and another involving 250 employees in 2020 after the outbreak of Covid-19. Findings No significant difference was observed between mean scores from respondents in the first and second surveys on job equity, pay equity, perceived organizational support and job satisfaction (p > 0.05). However, significant changes were found in mean scores for three organizational commitment items (negative changes;p < 0.05) and three counterproductive work behavior items (positive changes;p < 0.05). Results of structural equation modeling indicated that job equity and pay equity affected perceived organizational support and job satisfaction while perceived organizational support impacted organizational commitment directly and indirectly through job satisfaction, all with R-2 values greater than 0.6. Organizational commitment negatively influenced counterproductive work behavior. Research limitations/implications The Covid-19 impact on casino employees' perceptions and behaviors was contingent upon the duration of pandemic. Originality/value The study is one of the first empirical studies to integrate social exchange theory and equity theory to organizational commitment in Macao's gaming industry. Job equity and pay equity were found to influence organizational commitment through perceived organizational support and job satisfaction. Additionally, the Covid-19 did not have significant effects on employees' equity, perceived organizational support and job satisfaction perceptions.
ABSTRACT
A city's economic structure and energy mix would change when the city is developed to accommodate more residents, visitors, and activities. This paper reviews Macao's economic growth, energy use, and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission from 1985 to 2020. Specifically, Macao's gross domestic product (GDP), energy use, and GHG emission have surged after the gaming industry was liberalized in 2002. The official data show that Macao's GDP was MOP 11 billion in 1985, increased by four-fold to MOP 54 billion in 2000, and then surged rapidly to MOP 445 billion in 2019. Additionally, Macao's total energy use increased from 8,840TJ in 1985 to 48,330TJ in 2019 while Macao's GHG emission increased from 0.70Mt of CO2-equivalent in 1985 to 6.13Mt of CO2-equivalent in 2019. Macao's GHG emission from all local sources per capita and GDP per capita exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship, showing an environmental Kuznets curve. Due to the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic, Macao's GDP dropped by 56% to MOP 194 billion while its total energy use and GHG emission dropped by 33% and 17% to 32,198TJ and 5.06Mt of CO2-equivalent, respectively, in 2020. © 2022
ABSTRACT
Availability of full-year economic data is indicative of an opportune time to compare and contrast predicted and actual economic impact. In this regard, this study delineates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gambling industry using Macao, the world’s largest destination-dependent gambling hub, as a case. Using a series of quantitative analysis (ARIMA, correlation, and regression) on longitudinal data, the findings reveal that the revenue of the Macao gambling industry is significantly dependent on tourist arrivals, and that the industry is evidenced–using predicted and actual values–to experience an unprecedented decline in revenue as a result of plummeting tourist arrivals. The findings also indicate that Macao is a gambling-dependent economy as the decline in gambling revenue coincides with the decline in economic indicators such as GDP, median salary, and unemployment rate. This article concludes with pragmatic suggestions (e.g. reimagine strategies, seek virtual alternatives) to help gambling hubs that are destination-dependent to navigate in and recover from crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.